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1Why?The childhood frustration fewer cooperation? Empty Why?The childhood frustration fewer cooperation? Sun Feb 24, 2013 5:41 am

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Why?The childhood frustration fewer cooperation? 151742ad33a9578f8a9e18 Competition or cooperation? Whether a person will take advantage of the people around him, from childhood living environment.

Recent
series of social events makes it increasingly concerned about the
environment for the growth of their offspring, the basis of the
psychological theory, a good environment is essential for the child's
growth, and childhood suffered violence or neglect may produce a series of adverse consequences on the child. Recently published studies support this view again.

Man for me, or am I one for all? A new research shows that this may depend on your upbringing. The
method used in this study is the paradigm of the Prisoner's Dilemma, it
is probably the most classic paradigm of a game in the game, you can
choose to cooperate or betray. The
results found that adult men who grew up in the violence, crime,
conflict and neglect, compared with those who grew up in a stable
environment, and easier to make acts of betrayal of his companions.

Imagine
you are a prisoner, committed offenses and your associates to a police
station, you are isolated to review each other do not know whether the
confession. If
two people do not confess, then, because of lack of evidence, the
police can only temporarily detain you a month's time it will be
release to you. If
you confess he did not confess, then you will be free, and he will be
blamed alone, spent two years in prison; Similarly, if the confession
is, then you will own the scapegoats. If two people have a confession, then each will receive a one-year penalty.

The decades ago decision model proposed by economists, social psychology research regulars. This
paradigm really is a great attempt to detect the different way of
thinking and decision-making, there can be huge differences reflect the
way of thinking in different individuals, "says psychologist from the
University of Miami McCullough (Mc Cullough) "You are willing to risk for short-term gains, or through the sacrifice in exchange for long-term returns?"

McCullough and his colleagues wanted to know whether the relevant decision-making on this issue with their upbringing. They
recruited 244 men and women participating in the experiment, these
people need to complete the repeated prisoner's dilemma game task,
their victory in the task performance (bitter) less time in prison for
their own fight for more pay. They
complete the task on a computer, and told opponents another and with
them recruited over the trial, however, a matter of fact, the computer
program is fixed in advance, use the "tit for tat" strategy in the
game, that is, every times are repeated trial last decision.

After
you finish a task, the subjects need to complete a family rearing
environment questionnaire (all subject to answer with 1-5 or 1-7),
which contains the socio-economic situation, as well as whether they
have been subjected to violence in the family, conflict and neglect, the people around there is no serious crime problem. Including whether they have some of their own abide by the Honor Code, such as "trying to protect their own honor" like.

In female subjects, the researchers found no association of the growing environment and task performance. Subjected
to violence, but of those growing up in conflict or neglect male
subjects in terms of, they are more likely to have a set of their own
independent criteria, and are more likely to take advantage of their
partner, the performance in the task that is early betrayed behavior, and are more likely for someone else's infidelity and revenge. Overall,
the survey of childhood violence against each additional one more
point, will increase by 9.2% in the task renegade possibility and after
the opponents betrayal, willingness to cooperate to reduce the
possibility of 4.2%. Men
growing socio-economic status will not impact their behavior results,
researchers that was published in the Royal Society (Proceedings of the
Royal Society B) on.

McCullough
and his colleagues believe that this risky behavior of decision-making
and "Life is short, carpe diem" mentality and difficult childhood
encounter close contact, and will be accompanied by a tendency to kind
of exploitation and retaliation others. He
said "If you look at the front of the world, found living in
uncertainty, you will not help to choose a living in the moment, carpe
diem behavior patterns (especially the case for the minds and the
development of the full child)." .

Nanyang
Technological University psychologist Professor Hong Ying instrument,
although not involved in this study, but the study commented. She
believes that McCullough and his team demonstrated early life
experience to some extent affected the tendency of people to choose the
behavior patterns of competition or cooperation has great significance
in the development of society as a whole, because we live in a society , the need for more cooperation. "

The
Professor Roland have studied westerners and Chinese people showed
cultural differences in the Prisoner's Dilemma, found not only living
in a turbulent environment easy to develop a self-serving behavior,
there are some other things at work. "In
my opinion, those bad environment for the growth of the children will
be others to form the lower expectations," Kang said, "As soon as
someone does not cooperate with you, will strengthen you this view on
others."

The
researchers hope that by a more profound discussion of the long-term
follow-up study of the issue of the environment for the growth of the
self-serving tendency to find out more fully the causal link.]

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